linux   filesystem

Linux and the Windows NT file system

The Windows New Technology File System (NTFS) has a long history with Linux:

Driver Type Based on Kernel Period Read-write
Original Kernel Scratch 2.1.74 1995-2001 Read-only
Linux-NTFS Kernel Scratch 2.5.11 2002-2024 Read-only
Captive FUSE ntfs.sys   2003-2006 Read-write
NTFS-3G FUSE Linux-NTFS 3.18 2006- Read-write
NTFS3 Kernel Paragon 5.15 2021-2026 Read-write
NTFS Plus Kernel Linux-NTFS 7.0? 2026- Read-write
AVM NTFS Kernel NTFS-3G   2012- Read-write
  1. The Original implementation was from Martin von Löwis.
  2. Anton Altaparmakov created the 2nd implementation Linux-NTFS from scratch, which replaced the original implementation.
  3. Captive was the first user-space based implementation, which used the original Windows driver ntfs.sys from Microsoft and run it under Wine.
  4. NTFS-3G also runs in user-space and uses FUSE to talk to the kernel.
  5. Paragaon donated an open-source version of if proprietary NTFS3 to the Linux kernel. It was the first read-write implementation in the kernel, but is less documented.
  6. NTFS Plus is based on the older Linux-NTFS implementation, adds read-write support and updates the implementation to use modern Linux APIs. It is scheduled to replace NTFS3 again.
  7. AVM – now FRITZ! Technology – ported the NTFS-3G to kernel space and is used in FritzOS only.
gantt
    title NTFS
    dateFormat  YYYY-MM-DD
    axisFormat %Y
    Original    : 1997-01-01, 2002-04-01
    Linux-NTFS  : 2002-04-01, 2024-01-01
    Captive     : 2003-01-01, 2006-01-01
    NTFS-3G     : 2006-01-01, 2030-01-01
    NTFS3       : 2021-11-01, 2026-01-01
    NTFS+       : 2026-03-01, 2030-01-01
    ANTFS       : 2012-01-01, 2030-01-01
    2.0.0       : vert, 1996-06-09, 1m
    2.2.0       : vert, 1999-01-26, 1m
    2.4.0       : vert, 2001-01-04, 1m
    2.6.0       : vert, 2003-12-18, 1m
    2.6.16      : vert, 2006-03-20, 1m
    2.6.27      : vert, 2008-10-09, 1m
    3.0         : vert, 2011-07-21, 1m
    3.8         : vert, 2013-02-18, 1m
    4.4         : vert, 2016-01-10, 1m
    4.19        : vert, 2018-10-22, 1m
    5.10        : vert, 2020-12-13, 1m
    5.15        : vert, 2021-10-31, 1m
    6.1         : vert, 2022-12-11, 1m
    6.6         : vert, 2023-10-29, 1m
    6.12        : vert, 2024-11-17, 1m
Written on February 17, 2026