Linux and the Windows NT file system
The Windows New Technology File System (NTFS) has a long history with Linux:
| Driver | Type | Based on | Kernel | Period | Read-write |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Original | Kernel | Scratch | 2.1.74 | 1995-2001 | Read-only |
| Linux-NTFS | Kernel | Scratch | 2.5.11 | 2002-2024 | Read-only |
| Captive | FUSE | ntfs.sys |
2003-2006 | Read-write | |
| NTFS-3G | FUSE | Linux-NTFS | 3.18 | 2006- | Read-write |
| NTFS3 | Kernel | Paragon | 5.15 | 2021-2026 | Read-write |
| NTFS Plus | Kernel | Linux-NTFS | 7.0? | 2026- | Read-write |
| AVM NTFS | Kernel | NTFS-3G | 2012- | Read-write |
- The Original implementation was from Martin von Löwis.
- Anton Altaparmakov created the 2nd implementation Linux-NTFS from scratch, which replaced the original implementation.
- Captive was the first user-space based implementation, which used the original Windows driver
ntfs.sysfrom Microsoft and run it under Wine. - NTFS-3G also runs in user-space and uses FUSE to talk to the kernel.
- Paragaon donated an open-source version of if proprietary NTFS3 to the Linux kernel. It was the first read-write implementation in the kernel, but is less documented.
- NTFS Plus is based on the older Linux-NTFS implementation, adds read-write support and updates the implementation to use modern Linux APIs. It is scheduled to replace NTFS3 again.
- AVM – now FRITZ! Technology – ported the NTFS-3G to kernel space and is used in FritzOS only.
gantt
title NTFS
dateFormat YYYY-MM-DD
axisFormat %Y
Original : 1997-01-01, 2002-04-01
Linux-NTFS : 2002-04-01, 2024-01-01
Captive : 2003-01-01, 2006-01-01
NTFS-3G : 2006-01-01, 2030-01-01
NTFS3 : 2021-11-01, 2026-01-01
NTFS+ : 2026-03-01, 2030-01-01
ANTFS : 2012-01-01, 2030-01-01
2.0.0 : vert, 1996-06-09, 1m
2.2.0 : vert, 1999-01-26, 1m
2.4.0 : vert, 2001-01-04, 1m
2.6.0 : vert, 2003-12-18, 1m
2.6.16 : vert, 2006-03-20, 1m
2.6.27 : vert, 2008-10-09, 1m
3.0 : vert, 2011-07-21, 1m
3.8 : vert, 2013-02-18, 1m
4.4 : vert, 2016-01-10, 1m
4.19 : vert, 2018-10-22, 1m
5.10 : vert, 2020-12-13, 1m
5.15 : vert, 2021-10-31, 1m
6.1 : vert, 2022-12-11, 1m
6.6 : vert, 2023-10-29, 1m
6.12 : vert, 2024-11-17, 1m
Links
- Wikipedia: Linux Kernel version history
Written on February 17, 2026